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MedTech Outlook | Monday, August 01, 2022
Pain clinics employ physicians, psychologists, and physical therapists. The patient should be active in their treatment.
FREMONT, CA: Chronic pain therapies are as diverse as their causes. There are numerous approaches, ranging from over-the-counter and prescription medications to mind/body treatments and acupuncture. Regarding the treatment of chronic pain, however, there is no single strategy that is guaranteed to provide total pain relief. A mix of therapeutic approaches may be used to get relief.
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Drug Therapy: Nonprescription and Prescription
Nonprescription pharmaceuticals such as Tylenol (acetaminophen) or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as aspirin, ibuprofen, and naproxen may alleviate mild pain. Acetaminophen and NSAIDs relieve pain caused by muscle aches and stiffness, with NSAIDs reducing inflammation (swelling and irritation). Also available are topical pain medications, such as creams, lotions, and sprays that are applied to the skin to relieve pain and inflammation caused by aching muscles and arthritis.
A limited number of steroid injections can reduce swelling and inflammation at the site of a joint issue. The doctor may prescribe muscle relaxants, anti-anxiety drugs (such as diazepam [Valium]), antidepressants (such as duloxetine [Cymbalta] for musculoskeletal pain), prescription NSAIDs such as celecoxib (Celebrex), or a short course of more potent painkillers (such as codeine, fentanyl [Duragesic, Actiq], oxyco (Lorcet, Lortab, and Vicodin). Spinal stenosis or low back discomfort could be treated with an epidural.
In July 2015, the FDA requested that warnings for prescription and over-the-counter NSAIDs be strengthened to include the possibility of heart attacks and strokes. The danger increases with increasing medication dosages. In addition, there is the chance of developing stomach ulcers that bleed.
Occasionally, a group of nerves causing pain in a particular organ or body region can be inhibited with local medicine. A nerve block is the injection of this nerve-numbing chemical. Although numerous types of nerve blocks exist, this treatment is not always applicable. Frequently, blockages are impossible, too risky, or not the optimal solution to the situation.
Patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) is an additional pain management technique. By pressing a button on a computerized infusion pump, the patient can self-administer a premeasured amount of opiod-infused pain medication. The pump is attached to a tiny tube that permits medication to be administered intravenously, subcutaneously, or spinally. Hospital hospitals frequently use this to treat post-traumatic or post-surgical pain and discomfort associated with terminal cancer.
Trigger Point Injections
Trigger point injections are used to treat painful muscular locations containing trigger points or muscle knots that occur when muscles do not relax. During this process, a healthcare expert injects a local anesthetic that occasionally includes a steroid into a trigger point using a small needle (sterile salt water is sometimes injected). The injection renders the trigger point inert and alleviates the pain. In most cases, a quick course of treatment will provide lasting relief.
Injections of trigger points are used to alleviate muscle pain in the arms, legs, lower back, and neck. In addition, this method has been used to treat fibromyalgia, tension headaches, and myofascial pain syndrome (chronic pain involving the tissue around the muscle) that has not responded to previous treatments.
Botox is a neurotoxin that stops communication between the nerves and the muscles. It can also be used intravenously to treat chronic migraines. Multiple injections are administered across the head and neck every 12 weeks, and pain relief may last up to three months.
TENS
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation therapy, often known as TENS, employs electrical stimulation to alleviate pain. Low-voltage electrical current is supplied through electrodes placed on the skin near the site of discomfort during the treatment. The electrodes' electrical current stimulates the nerves in the affected location and provides impulses to the brain that "jumble" typical pain signals. TENS is non-painful and may be a valuable therapy for masking diabetic neuropathy-related pain. The American Academy of Neurology states that TENS is ineffective and cannot be advised for chronic low back pain (AAN).
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