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MedTech Outlook | Saturday, October 29, 2022
Outpatient spine surgeries using minimally invasive technologies replace many hospital-based surgeries.
FREMONT, CA: Robotic spine surgery, also known as robot-assisted spine surgery, refers to the use of robotic technology to aid spinal neurosurgical guidance.
Spine surgeons have traditionally implanted spinal instrumentation "freehand," relying on their understanding of anatomy and X-rays. They must keep firm hands when operating close to vital nerves in narrow passageways, particularly when minimally invasive treatments involving significantly tiny incisions. Additionally, spine surgery can be lengthy and arduous, leaving neurosurgeons susceptible to mental and physical exhaustion.
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Robots can do repetitive activities with nearly unlimited endurance and without performance degradation, reducing the likelihood of fatigue-related errors and possibly resulting in more consistent patient outcomes. Robots can also improve the precision of procedures, such as those involving the placement of rods or screws, by eliminating the issue of a surgeon's unsteady hands, moving to exact programmed positions, and allowing surgeons to make precise movements while operating in small spaces and on patients with challenging anatomy.
Robotic guidance also reduces radiation exposure for the patient, surgeon, and other operating room staff.
Spine surgeons were by no means the first doctors to utilize robotics. Other medical specialties, such as general surgery, urology, and gynecology, have already accepted robotic surgery as a standard of care. The current state of the art and future developments of robotics for spine surgery, as well as boosting patient safety and improving outcomes, are gaining interest.
THE MOST EFFECTIVE ROBOTIC SPINE SURGERY APPLICATIONS
Pedicle Screw Placement:Pedicle screws are currently the greatest advantage of robotic spine surgery. Robotic surgery improves the accuracy of screw placement, with one out of ten pedicle screws not positioned correctly. This is advantageous, as improperly positioned screws might result in neurological complications or vascular damage. Surgeons frequently view robotic, navigation-assisted spine surgery as a one-way data output street, with data from the navigation system being regarded as the reality. However, as they create imaging systems with a lower radiation dose and utilize additional intraoperative imaging methods, they will be able to shut the feedback loop to increase accuracy and ensure safety. It is one thing for the robot to believe it knows where it is and another for it to be there.
Artificial Disc Placements:One potential future application is robotics in artificial disc implantation. Patients will seek better outcomes as the number of artificial disc replacement procedures increases. The ideal positioning of artificial discs will become the norm. A robotic spine surgery system would be extremely beneficial for accurately guiding the implantation of artificial discs for optimal function.
Compared to the posterior placement of screws, the anterior placement of these discs provides a problem. The anterior technique provides surgeons with less distinct anatomical landmarks, such as the spinous processes, lateral facets, and lamina. Therefore, designing algorithms that can effectively identify and make choices based on a simple vertebral body curvature is challenging. Spine surgeons can recognize minute anatomical changes, but software cannot.
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