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MedTech Outlook | Monday, October 17, 2022
Artificial networks that effectively represent auditory plasticity after hearing restoration can help establish the appropriate training procedures.
FREMONT, CA: AI can improve care for many common illnesses by making essential services more accessible and enabling gadgets to restore or augment auditory function. Current regression and classification technologies may improve therapy for many conditions by discovering biomarkers or other objective indicators in complex data. AI and hearing researchers can collaborate to construct artificial hearing networks that share fundamental mechanical properties with the auditory system. Artificial auditory systems must combine temporal processing, multimodal processing, and plasticity.
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Temporal processing
Complex patterns characterize speech and music change across various timescales. The brain tracks and organizes amplitude changes across frequencies to construct perceptual objects. Temporal processing disruption may explain auditory processing disorders and hearing impairments in dyslexia or schizophrenia. Auditory neurons exhibit time-dependent selectivity. Evidence suggests a specific brain circuit in other circumstances, such as extracting microsecond interaural temporal variations that reveal sound localization.
Processing multimodal
Artificial networks must combine additional sensory modalities to represent the auditory system effectively. The ears are several sources of information for the brain, and the integration of data from diverse sources begins early in processing. Trying to model multimodal characteristics separately is unlikely to be useful (beyond providing a compact description of the phenomena). Multimodal flexibility will occur if networks with sufficient properties on many tasks, as in the brain.
Plasticity
The auditory system constantly changes. This plasticity allows the brain to learn new activities and allocate limited resources. It also causes hearing issues. Tinnitus is a brain ringing, not an ear ringing. After a lengthy loss of ear information, the brain increases spontaneous neural activity. But experimental evidence contradicts this simple concept. While tinnitus increases spontaneous activity at the first stages of the auditory system, it does not necessarily spread to later stages. Such models could improve hearing restoration prognosis, rehabilitation, and training. With cochlear implants, for example, patient benefit varies widely. The benefit of a cochlear implant may rely on how well the brain adapts to new information from the ear.
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