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MedTech Outlook | Sunday, March 15, 2020
Different approaches have been utilized to develop new technologies, especially for diagnosing obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), based on sophisticated ECG and pulse wave analysis, smart arousability assessment, and new sensors
Fremont, CA: The most significant laboratory technique in managing sleep-wake disorders is nocturnalpolysomnography (PSG), which is considered the gold standard. Standard signal processing is limited to visual and automated analysis, but complex algorithms capture more in-depth data. Updates to existing PSG systems are uncommon, despite the market's rapid adoption of new technology, including new sensors, Wi-Fi, and remote monitoring. Integration of these new and novel technologies could improve patient care, while algorithms that can distinguish sleep stages from ECG, pulse wave, respiratory dynamics, and movement sensors could make the diagnosis process easier.
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Technological developments for treating sleep apnea:
Blood pressure
The cardiovascular implications of sleep disturbances are linked to elevated blood pressure or the absence of a blood pressure dip. OSA has been shown in several studies to be an independent risk factor for developing daytime hypertension, which is associated with higher morbidity and mortality.
Capnography
Capnography, which is based on infrared absorption spectroscopy, is used to record PCO2. End-tidal PCO2 values are calculated from the readings. Because a mask or a short tube placed into the exhaled air coupled to the carbon dioxide detecting device is required, this method has the disadvantage of reducing patient sleep comfort. Transcutaneous PCO2 measurement, which uses heated electrodes on the skin, can be used as an alternative. The electrodes must be carefully connected because positioning and sensor temperature are key modifiers of signal quality and tolerance.
Audiovisual recording
Continuous video surveillance is also used, which is especially useful in the evaluation of nocturnal behavioral abnormalities. PSG includes time-synchronized audiovisual recording in the sleep center, which is done with a video camera and a room microphone. Standard infrared video cameras with infrared light sources produce high-quality images. The acoustic analysis could be used for screening at home as well.
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