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MedTech Outlook | Monday, July 04, 2022
The use of blockchain technology to monitor and improve patient treatment adherence and automate medication support programs would be useful for high-cost treatment regimens requiring significant patient compliance, such as regular intravitreal anti-VEGF treatments.
FREMONT, CA: Ophthalmology has been a pioneer in adopting new technologies, notably artificial intelligence (AI) and deep learning (DL), to analyze medical pictures such as retinal imaging and optical coherence tomography scans. However, DL in medicine (including ophthalmology) is heavily reliant on the availability of big, high-quality datasets and thorough model validation and testing, which is a current research topic. Managing varied datasets from many countries and locations for the training and testing algorithms in these studies, on the other hand, presents considerable hurdles. This is due to severe constraints imposed on the direct transfer of medical research data to enable joint efforts due to data security and patient confidentiality concerns. Furthermore, because of a lack of transparency surrounding model validation and testing, appropriate research community monitoring of the variety of emerging AI and DL systems is impossible.
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Recognizing these challenges, Tan et al. proposed a permission blockchain-enabled platform (based on Hyperledger Fabric) to aid in developing and validating DL algorithms to combat the global myopia epidemic in a recent study. They demonstrate proof of concept in developing robust DL algorithms for automated detection of myopic macular degeneration and high myopia from retinal images, using this blockchain-enabled platform for secure data transfer, model sharing, and auditable reporting of model validation and testing results across three separate sites in two countries. They claim that this blockchain-based solution for managing research datasets and model testing results offers benefits such as data integrity and immutability, automation in data consistency, and a shared ledger that facilitates collaboration.
They also suggest that widespread adoption of this novel method could increase the validity and transparency of AI studies in medicine, as well as provide health regulators (for example, the US Food and Drug Administration) with a method of auditing and verifying the diagnostic performance of AI algorithms for regulatory approval. In addition, the immutable transaction log replicated across all nodes provides the ideal digital infrastructure for tracking each iteration of AI-model training, improving collaborative efficiency and trust. Further blockchain applications in the health care industry could impact the field of ophthalmology Supply chain transformation is especially valuable for perishable products. It is likely to play a significant role in health care, where tight monitoring of labile high-value medications is critical to ensure safety and efficacy.
Total parenteral nutrition, mRNA COVID vaccines, intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factors (anti-VEGF), blood products, or biologics are scarce or expensive products requiring highly regulated storage conditions. Lin et al. established a blockchain-based platform to provide virtual clinical services for ophthalmology patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. They proposed a proof-of-concept for verifying and efficiently monitoring online prescriptions to develop a blockchain-based online pharmacy for prescription renewals and remote drug delivery. This is significant because telemedicine is a highly visual-dependent service, making it especially well-suited for visual-oriented specialties such as ophthalmology.
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